Vertical and Horizontal Urban Expansion at the Expense of Agricultural and Forest Lands in Peri-Urban Areas and Its Impact on Spatial Planning: The Case of Beni M’Dane Territory in Azla and Zaitoun Municipalities (Tetouan Province)

Abstract

The territory of Azla and Zaitoun municipalities in Tetouan Province has witnessed significant vertical and horizontal urban expansion in recent years, mostly at the expense of fertile agricultural and forest lands. This expansion is attributed to demographic and population growth, rural-to-urban migration, and increased real estate demand.
The conversion of agricultural lands into multi-storey buildings has led to a reduction in arable land, fragmentation of the rural landscape, and increased complexity in spatial planning. The problem has been further exacerbated by the spread of informal housing and weak enforcement of urban planning regulations, resulting in unplanned urban sprawl that threatens agricultural productivity and the sustainability of peri-urban areas.
The study highlights the importance of integrated spatial planning in balancing urban development with the preservation of agricultural and forest lands, protecting productive land, and regulating construction growth. It emphasizes the need to integrate social and economic factors, infrastructure requirements, and environmental considerations into urban planning strategies for peri-urban areas.
The findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers and researchers to manage urban expansion sustainably, while preserving natural resources and ensuring optimal land use in the studied area.